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Which of the following often includes visual and auditory representations, but can also include representations of movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain?


A) pseudoperception
B) mental imagery
C) illusionary processing
D) automatic processing

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Your professor poses a question to your class about information in your assigned reading.Although you think you might know the answer, you don't raise your hand to answer because you're afraid that if you're wrong, the other students might laugh at you.You are experiencing which barrier to problem solving?


A) cultural
B) learned
C) perceptual
D) emotional

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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In order for two blindfolded chess players to play a game, they must rely on all of the following EXCEPT


A) respondent conditioning.
B) images.
C) concepts.
D) the notational system of chess.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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One-dimensional thinking in which people, objects, or events are classified as absolutely right or wrong typifies __________ thinking.


A) all-or-nothing
B) multidimensional
C) conjunctive conceptual
D) disjunctive conceptual

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which humanistic psychologist believed that we must live honestly and creatively to make full use of our potentials?


A) ​Abraham Maslow
B) Sigmund Freud
C) ​Carl Rogers
D) Victor Frankl

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Although there is a high rate of failure for starting new businesses, people still readily open new businesses every year.These decisions probably would not occur if people did not


A) ignore the base rate.
B) use the representative heuristic.
C) frame this event very broadly.
D) use a random search strategy for making decisions.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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For a solution to be creative, a person uses divergent thought, but also


A) uses functional fixedness.
B) uses a random search strategy within the creative process.
C) brings reasoning and critical thinking to the creative process.
D) utilizes the representativeness heuristic during the final stage of the creative process.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Compared to creativity, routine problem solving typically involves


A) divergent thinking.
B) unconscious, experiential processing.
C) conscious, reflective processing.
D) intuitive, automatic thinking.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Regarding highly creative people, which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Although people with high IQs can be quite creative,creativity test scores and IQ test scores are only weakly correlated.
B) Creative people usually have a very narrow range of knowledge and interests.
C) Creative people are good at using mental images and metaphors in thinking.
D) Creative people are unconventional and nonconforming primarily in their work, but, otherwise, do not have unusual, outlandish, or bizarre personalities.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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For most people, fantasy and daydreaming are associated with greater mental flexibility or​


A) ​intuition.
B) ​creativity.
C) ​conventional thoughts.
D) ​eidetic imagery.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Selective encoding is the


A) ability to compare new problems with old information or with problems already solved.
B) ability to choose information that is relevant to a problem while ignoring distractions.
C) ability to bring together seemingly unrelated bits of useful information.
D) tendency to get "hung up" on wrong solutions or to become blind to alternatives.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The paintings of your favorite artist depict his subjective impressions rather than the exact external objects.This may be due to this artist's brain allowing him to experience sounds as colors and shapes so that he literally paints what he "sees," which illustrates the rare form of imagery known as


A) lateral perspective.
B) sane hallucinations.
C) synesthesia.
D) eidetic imagery.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Kanzi usually placed action symbols in the order he wanted to carry them out, such as "chase tickle" or "chase hide." In this respect, Kanzi's grammar was on a par with that of a __________ year-old child.


A) two-
B) four-
C) six-
D) eight-

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Exposing yourself to a wide variety of information is a good way to encourage


A) mental sets.
B) "thin-slicing."
C) divergent thinking.
D) convergent thinking.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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After working to solve a problem for three hours, Larry has just about "given up" until he suddenly realizes the "perfect" solution and wonders why he did not think of it sooner.Larry has just experienced


A) inductive thought.
B) deductive thought.
C) functional fixedness.
D) insight.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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A mechanical solution to a problem is one in which


A) the answer is arrived at by using the availability heuristic.
B) the answer is arrived at by intuition.
C) a learned set of rules is used in answering the problem.
D) general and functional techniques are used in answering the problem.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Emily Dickinson wrote some 1800 poems, and Paul McCartney has written some 900 musical compositions.This outpouring of ideas represents these creative geniuses'


A) flexibility.
B) fluency.
C) originality.
D) novelty.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is NOT a requirement of language?


A) It must have symbols.
B) It must have grammar.
C) It must be productive.
D) It must be spoken.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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To communicate their experiences to others, wine connoisseurs must put taste sensations into words.Thus, wine tasting illustrates the


A) importance of denotative meanings.
B) importance of conjunctive concepts.
C) encoding function of language.
D) how prototypes are conceptualized.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Amateur naturalists usually begin painfully identifying the birds, butterflies, mammals, or plants they find by mechanically searching through published field guides until they find the correct species name and description.These amateur naturalists are identifying through which type of problem-solving?


A) insight
B) rote
C) understanding
D) the use of heuristics

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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