Question 1

In which of the following extinct primates would you expect to find a 2/1/2/3 dental formula?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adapis
B)  Notharctus
C)  Branisella
D)  ProconsulE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

If you are digging in a 20-million-year-old fossil site in eastern Africa, which primate are you most likely to come across?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proconsul
B)  Oligopithecus
C)  Theropithecus
D)  KhoratpithecusE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Based on their morphology, omomyids are probably closely related to ________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  sifakas
B)  tarsiers
C)  lemurs
D)  aye-ayesE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?

Accepted Answer

A)  prosimians
B)  monkeys
C)  apes
D)  humansE) A) and D)
F) All of the above C

Question 5

Which of the following is not true of the Eocene euprimates?

Accepted Answer

A)  They possessed postorbital bars.
B)  They had grasping digits on both hands and feet.
C)  They were quite large, greater than 20 kg (44 lbs) .
D)  They had relatively large brains.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around

Accepted Answer

A)  5 mya.
B)  10 mya.
C)  15 mya.
D)  25 mya.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Miocene victoriapithecids are considered primitive ancestors of ________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  all living apes
B)  all living New World monkeys
C)  all living Old World monkeys
D)  all living prosimiansE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

The calcaneus (heel bone)  of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive

Accepted Answer

A)  primate.
B)  anthropoid.
C)  New World monkey.
D)  ape.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Which of the following was the first primate fossil ever recorded?

Accepted Answer

A)  Australopithecus afarensis
B)  Plesiadapis
C)  Notharctus
D)  Adapis parisiensisE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Based on the existing fossil record and the genetics of living primates, the most likely place of origin for New World monkeys is

Accepted Answer

A)  Indonesia.
B)  North America.
C)  Africa.
D)  South America.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Both Colobines and Cercopithecines appear in the late Miocene fossil record, representing the two subfamilies of living

Accepted Answer

A)  apes.
B)  lemurs.
C)  Old World monkeys.
D)  New World monkeys.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Gigantopithecus, the largest primate that ever lived, weighed approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  3 kg
B)  30 kg
C)  300 kg
D)  3,000 kgE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Primitive Old World monkeys from the mid to late Miocene of Africa are members of which family?

Accepted Answer

A)  Propliopithecidae
B)  Proconsulidae
C)  Victoriapithecidae
D)  DryopithecidaeE) C) and D)
F) B) and D) C

Question 14

The earliest known South American primate is a 26-million-year-old monkey from Bolivia called

Accepted Answer

A)  Theropithecus.
B)  Branisella.
C)  Proconsul.
D)  Afropithecus.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and fewer ape species may be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  global climate changes that resulted in cooler, wetter environments less optimal for ape species.
B)  differences in ability to exploit the habitats that resulted after a change in global climate.
C)  cooler climates, where it is more difficult to preserve larger ape fossils.
D)  declines in ape diversity, caused by competition from hominin species.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Discuss the reasons why Paleocene-aged plesiadapiforms should or should not be included in the order Primates.

Accepted Answer

Many morphological features of the skele...

Question 17

The group of archaic mammals that lived during the Paleocene epoch and are likely very closely related to the earliest primates are

Accepted Answer

A)  plesiadapiforms.
B)  omomyids.
C)  adapids.
D)  tarsiers.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Parapithecids are

Accepted Answer

A)  ancestral to all cattarhines.
B)  found only in Asia.
C)  ancestral to anthropoids.
D)  found only in North America.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D) C

Question 19

Platyrrhine fossils first appear in the South American fossil record during the late Oligocene epoch.Since they are not found in earlier fossil-bearing sediments, and South America at that time was essentially an island continent, how do scientists think they got there?

Accepted Answer

Several hypotheses attempt to account fo...

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the main hypotheses to explain primate origins?

Accepted Answer

A)  arboreal hypothesis
B)  angiosperm radiation hypothesis
C)  aquatic ape hypothesis
D)  visual predation hypothesisE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 9: Primate Origins and Evolution: the First 50 Million Years

In which of the following extinct primates would you expect to find a 2/1/2/3 dental formula?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you are digging in a 20-million-year-old fossil site in eastern Africa, which primate are you most likely to come across?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on their morphology, omomyids are probably closely related to ________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following is not true of the Eocene euprimates?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Miocene victoriapithecids are considered primitive ancestors of ________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The calcaneus (heel bone) of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was the first primate fossil ever recorded?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the existing fossil record and the genetics of living primates, the most likely place of origin for New World monkeys is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both Colobines and Cercopithecines appear in the late Miocene fossil record, representing the two subfamilies of living

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gigantopithecus, the largest primate that ever lived, weighed approximately

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Primitive Old World monkeys from the mid to late Miocene of Africa are members of which family?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The earliest known South American primate is a 26-million-year-old monkey from Bolivia called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and fewer ape species may be the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the reasons why Paleocene-aged plesiadapiforms should or should not be included in the order Primates.

Correct AnswerverifiedMany morphological features of the skele...View AnswerShow Answer

The group of archaic mammals that lived during the Paleocene epoch and are likely very closely related to the earliest primates are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parapithecids are

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Platyrrhine fossils first appear in the South American fossil record during the late Oligocene epoch.Since they are not found in earlier fossil-bearing sediments, and South America at that time was essentially an island continent, how do scientists think they got there?

Correct AnswerverifiedSeveral hypotheses attempt to account fo...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is not one of the main hypotheses to explain primate origins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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C

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Many morphological features of the skele...
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C

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Several hypotheses attempt to account fo...
View Answer

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