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The first vertebrates to evolve lacked jaws and had skeletons made from a strong flexible tissue called cartilage.As shown in the figure below,________ are a modern example of this ancient group of vertebrates known as jawless fishes. The first vertebrates to evolve lacked jaws and had skeletons made from a strong flexible tissue called cartilage.As shown in the figure below,________ are a modern example of this ancient group of vertebrates known as jawless fishes. A) Amphibians B) Reptiles C) Ray-finned fishes D) Lampreys


A) Amphibians
B) Reptiles
C) Ray-finned fishes
D) Lampreys

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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An animal that can be divided by just one vertical plane into two halves that mirror each other displays ________ symmetry.

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All of your mitochondrial DNA was inherited from your ________.

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Briefly explain the difference between hominids and hominins.

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All members of the ape family ...

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Echidnas are spiny animals named after a character in Greek mythology who was half woman and half snake and perceived to have characteristics of both.Echidnas are covered in coarse hair or spines,they lay eggs,and the poorly developed young quickly attach to the mother's mammary glands after they hatch.Echidnas are


A) marsupials.
B) monotremes.
C) hominins.
D) eutherians.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Compare and contrast the three types of mammals.

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Almost all mammals have body hair,sweat ...

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Match each correct evolutionarily significant character to the appropriate lettered box on the phylogenetic tree below. Match each correct evolutionarily significant character to the appropriate lettered box on the phylogenetic tree below. -lobed fins A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E F) F G) G H) H I) I J) J -lobed fins


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
F) F
G) G
H) H
I) I
J) J

K) B) and H)
L) H) and I)

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Which of the following is an example of the last segment of an arthropod's body having evolved into a beneficial trait?


A) human thorax with an arm
B) bird thorax with a wing
C) lizard abdomen with a leg
D) wasp abdomen with a stinger

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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In 2010,Dr.Svante Pääbo published research indicating that all modern ethnic groups,other than Africans,carry traces of Neanderthal DNA in their nuclear genomes.His earlier work indicated no overlap between Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA and that of Homo sapiens.Which of the following is NOT a likely possible hypothesis that could be supported by this information?


A) The shared nuclear DNA could be a remnant of DNA from a common ancestor shared by Neanderthals and Homo sapiens.
B) The shared nuclear DNA could be the result of interbreeding between male Neanderthals and female Homo sapiens.
C) The shared nuclear DNA could be a remnant of DNA from Homo erectus, one of the most recent species since Australopithecus.
D) The shared nuclear DNA is definitely the result of interbreeding between female Neanderthals and male humans.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Examine the Hominin evolutionary tree below.Which of the following are MOST closely related? Examine the Hominin evolutionary tree below.Which of the following are MOST closely related? A) <i>Homo habilis</i> and <i>Homo sapiens</i> B) <i>Homo erectus</i> and <i>Homo sapiens</i> C) <i>Australopithecus africanus</i> and <i>Homo habilis</i> D) <i>Australopithecus afarensis</i> and <i>Homo habilis</i>


A) Homo habilis and Homo sapiens
B) Homo erectus and Homo sapiens
C) Australopithecus africanus and Homo habilis
D) Australopithecus afarensis and Homo habilis

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Humans and polar bears are examples of ________,mammals that nourish their developing offspring through a well-developed placenta prior to birth.

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Which of the following organisms displays bilateral symmetry?


A) sponges
B) jellyfish
C) bees
D) amoeba

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Match each correct evolutionarily significant character to the appropriate lettered box on the phylogenetic tree below. Match each correct evolutionarily significant character to the appropriate lettered box on the phylogenetic tree below. -notochord A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E F) F G) G H) H I) I J) J -notochord


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
F) F
G) G
H) H
I) I
J) J

K) D) and F)
L) A) and E)

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The infamous American outlaw Jesse Woodson James died April 3,1882.His body was originally interred on the James' farm but was later moved to Mt.Olivet Cemetery in Kearney,Nebraska.Some people have hypothesized that his death was staged.Researchers have exhumed the body and analyzed mitochondrial DNA found in the teeth with that of mitochondrial DNA from hair samples from the James' farm burial site; they matched.These samples were then compared to the mitochondrial DNA of Jesse's sister Susan's great-grandson and her great-great-grandson.The hypothesis that the body buried in Mt.Olivet Cemetery is not Jesse James would be supported if the mitochondrial DNA from the grave


A) matches the mitochondrial DNA obtained from Susan's great-grandson and great-great-grandson.
B) does not match the mitochondrial DNA obtained from Susan's great-grandson and great-great-grandson.
C) matches Susan's mitochondrial DNA.
D) matches not only the mitochondrial DNA obtained from Susan's great-grandson and her great-great-grandson but also the mitochondrial DNA from Susan's daughter.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Between annelids,chordates,cnidarians,echinoderms,and nematodes,which two groups of organisms are most closely related? Support your answer with information from the phylogenetic tree below. Between annelids,chordates,cnidarians,echinoderms,and nematodes,which two groups of organisms are most closely related? Support your answer with information from the phylogenetic tree below.

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Echinoderms and chordates are the two th...

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How is nuclear DNA inherited?


A) All nuclear DNA is inherited from the father's ancestral line.
B) Seventy-five percent of nuclear DNA is inherited from the mother's ancestral line and 25 percent from the father's ancestral line.
C) All nuclear DNA is inherited from the mother's ancestral line.
D) Fifty percent of nuclear DNA is inherited from the mother's ancestral line and 50 percent from the father's ancestral line.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Fossils from different species of the genus Homo dating from 1.7-1.9 mya have been found in ecologically diverse areas across central Asia,China,and Indonesia.These species appear to be closely related to Homo erectus.Which of the following is a likely explanation of these findings?


A) Homo erectus migrated across the Asian continent and expanded into a new ecological role. These groups became increasingly reproductively isolated from other Homo erectus groups and eventually formed new species in the genus Homo.
B) Homo sapiens migrated across the Asian continent and expanded into a new ecological role. These groups became increasingly reproductively isolated from other Homo sapien groups and eventually formed new species in the genus Homo that were more like Homo erectus and less like Homo sapiens.
C) Homo floresiensis migrated across the Asian continent and expanded into a new ecological role. These groups became increasingly reproductively isolated from other Homo floresiensis groups and eventually formed new species in the genus Homo that were more like Homo erectus and less like Homo floresiensis.
D) Homo neanderthalensis migrated across the Asian continent and expanded into a new ecological role. These groups became increasingly reproductively isolated from other Homo neanderthalensis groups and eventually formed new species in the genus Homo that were more like Homo erectus and less like Homo neanderthalensis.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The kangaroo is a marsupial.Briefly discuss the developmental state of a young kangaroo at birth and how it would be nourished until it is ready to survive on its own.

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The young kangaroo would not be fully de...

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Fossilized hominin bones have been found in Germany along with some tools and evidence of charred and fossilized bones from large animals dating to about 350,000 years ago.The hominin bones bear resemblance to both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens.Which of the following is the MOST likely possible identity of these fossils?


A) Australopithecus anamensis
B) Homo habilis
C) Paranthropus boisei
D) archaic Homo sapiens

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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How might being bilaterally symmetrical be an evolutionary advantage for a fish?

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Most bilaterally symmetrical animals lik...

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