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An infant's auditory system is programmed to


A) facilitate the perception of sound distance.
B) be sensitive to human voices.
C) recognize the mother's voice very soon after birth.
D) All of these

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Cross-cultural research concerning the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale found that


A) cross-cultural differences do not exist since infant reflexes are autonomic.
B) cross-cultural differences have been found and show the impact of different environments on infant responding.
C) no relationship has been found between parental responsiveness/interactions and infant behavior.
D) infant behavior results primarily from biological factors.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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An experiment in shape constancy would be most concerned with the relationship between the image of the object cast on the retina and


A) the distance of the object from the retina.
B) whether the infant has had experience with different shapes.
C) the size of the object.
D) the object's orientation.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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What is intermodal perception? Discuss three examples of research findings on this topic.

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Define intermodal pe...

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The results of research by Bertenthal and colleagues in the area of motion processing in infants have shown that


A) children younger than 1 year cannot extract form from motion.
B) infants as young as 5 months are not interested in motion/form activities.
C) infants as young as 3 to 5 months can extract form from motion.
D) infants as young as 3 months can recognize a form in motion as a person.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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When looking at facial features, infants show an early visual preference for


A) eyes.
B) mouths.
C) smiles.
D) noses.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Spelke and colleagues have shown that infants are capable of correctly combining information from which two sensory modalities?


A) Vision and touch
B) Vision and hearing
C) Touch and hearing
D) Vision and smell

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The custom of having separate beds for parents and infants


A) has more health benefits for the baby than co-sleeping.
B) is encouraged in most cultures throughout the world.
C) is representative of Western values and beliefs.
D) is increasing among middle-class parents in the United States.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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to study depth perception in infants is known as the


A) moving mountain.
B) depth perception apparatus.
C) experimental hill.
D) visual cliff.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Research data concerning the development of shape constancy suggest that


A) infants perform better on shape constancy tasks than adults.
B) experience manipulating objects is needed before this ability is evidenced.
C) this ability is present at birth.
D) this ability is dependent on a child's capacity to recognize the differences between retinal images and real objects.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Jacob is 1 week old and when his mother brought him to a research lab to participate in an infant perceptual experiment, he showed no interest in the researcher's stimuli and instead fell asleep. His lack of attention and responsiveness may not be the result of limited capacity but rather may be reflecting


A) the extent of his reflexes.
B) his internal state.
C) his motivational level.
D) inadequate physiological functioning.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Colic is a prolonged period of crying that can last for several hours and


A) is caused by poor parenting.
B) usually begins when the child is 1 year old.
C) is unexplained.
D) only occurs when the infant is ill.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Your cousin and her husband have a 2-month-old baby. They have read the literature on SIDS and wonder if there is anything they can do to help prevent SIDS in their baby. You inform them that


A) since the cause is unknown, there is nothing they can do to reduce the risk of SIDS.
B) SIDS is genetic and they should examine their family histories.
C) frequently checking on their infant during sleep is their only course of action.
D) in other cultures, co-sleeping may be associated with lower rates of SIDS.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Studies have shown that 2-week-old infants


A) can recognize words their mothers were asked to repeat to them frequently, even better than they recognize their own names.
B) can remember visual stimuli, but not auditory stimuli.
C) can remember auditory stimuli, but not visual stimuli.
D) can remember stimuli presented to them a few moments ago, but forget after a few minutes.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The development of a fear of heights appears to be most dependent upon


A) the development of crawling.
B) the development of depth perception.
C) the development of binocular vision.
D) mothers' emotional reactions to children's falls.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Cross-cultural studies of soothability have found __________ infants to be more difficult to console when compared to other cultural groups.


A) Chinese American
B) European American
C) Navaho
D) Zinacanteco Indian

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Studying sensory functioning in infants had posed significant problems for researchers until they realized


A) that they could measure sensory function directly.
B) that different states could be triggered by different levels of sensory stimulation.
C) that psychophysiological functions are effective in probing infants' sensory capacities.
D) that comparable standards exist between adult and infant perceptions.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which one of the following is NOT measured by the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale?


A) The infant's ability to regulate his or her state
B) The stability of the central nervous system
C) The infant's ability to orient to social and inanimate objects
D) The infant's range of state

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements is true regarding infant learning?


A) Infants learn noxious or unpleasant events better than pleasant events.
B) Infants learn noxious or unpleasant events as well as pleasant events.
C) Infants learn noxious or unpleasant events with more difficulty than pleasant events.
D) Infants learn escape responses more quickly than avoidance responses.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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showed that infants as young as 1 week of age


A) recognize their mother's smell.
B) recognize their father's smell.
C) prefer visual over olfactory cues.
D) are more dependent on vision than smell.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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